英译汉常用的方法和技巧.ppt

英译汉常用的方法和技巧
词义的选择,引申和褒贬
词义的选择
根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义
“Water”:
1)Don’t water the wine.
别往酒里掺水。
2) The smoke made my eyes water.
烟熏得我双眼泪水直流。
3) The child watered when he saw the mooncake.
那小孩看见月饼就直流口水。
4)It’s not a good habit for a child to water anywhere.
小孩随地撒小便可不是一个好习惯。
所以,我们在英汉翻译过程中,首先要判明这个词在原句中应属于哪一种词类,然后再进一步确定其词义。
(2)根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义
“hand”:
She shook his hand and went upstairs.
她和他握了下手,就上楼了。
2) Mary writes a good hand.
玛丽的字写得不错。
3) pany was short of hands.
那家公司缺少人手。
4) We have the situation well in hand.
我们能把握好局势。
5)They give the film star a big hand.
他们鼓掌欢迎这位电影明显。
二词义的引申
(一)将词义作抽象化的引申
They have their smiles and tears.
他们有欢乐,也有哀愁。
2) I was not one to let my heart rule my head.
我不是那种让情感支配理智的人。
3) His ess in this field has pushed his forerunners’ point into the background.
他在这方面的成就使其前辈们黯然失色。
(起陪衬作用)
4) … that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.
这个民有,民治,民享的政府,将不会从地球上消失。
三词义的褒贬
(一)词本身就有褒贬意义
(二)中立词的翻译
He answered all the questions with assurance.
他满怀信心地回答了所有的问题。
2) He has the assurance to ask me for money.
他竟然厚着脸皮向我要钱。
3) Jim was an aggressive engineer who did his job quite well.
吉姆是个有进取心的工程师,他工作干得很出色。
4) He was so aggressive that he offended almost everyone.
他过于咄咄逼人,几乎冒犯了所有人。
5) The years steal by.
岁月不知不觉地过去了。
6) That thermometer must be lying.
那个温度计一定不准。
词类转译法(一)
一转译成动词
(一)名词转译成动词
She has a firm conviction that she will e all the difficulties.
她坚信她会克服所有的困难。
My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once.
我建议他立刻戒烟。