夹心层群体住房问题与对策研究——以北京市为例.docx

摘 要
中国实行住房市场化以来,尤其是近几年房地产价格一路上扬,越来越多的人们买不起甚至也租不起房子,因此政府开始加大保障性住房的投入。但是无论是廉租房还是经济适用房都是为了保障低收入群体,而庞大的中等收入群体被推向市场,却无力承担高昂的商品房价格,这些“夹心层”群体由于两面夹击,还不一定有低收入群体的生活安稳,而他们又是社会的中坚力量,是社会的稳定器,所以解决好“夹心层”群体的住房问题是很有必要的。
该论文通过文献分析以及数据分析等方法首先界定了“夹心层”群体:不符合经
济适用房的申请条件,又难以购买商品房,以及由于家庭人口分裂急需换房的中等收入群体。并且预测了北京“夹心层”群体的数量是不容小觑的。
其次对界定的“夹心层”群体进行了分析,发现他们的住房现状不容乐观:住房
支出偏高、通勤时间偏长以及居住水平偏低。住房问题成了他们很大的负担,买房的“夹心层”,其家庭生活质量大幅下降:由于房贷基本占了月可支配收入的一半, 导致家庭的医疗保健支出和教育文化支出等必须大幅消减以保证基本生活;租房的“夹心层”除了要忍受租金每年甚至每一季度的上涨,还要因为房子的原因而与中介或房东进行交涉。由于保障性住房特别是经济适用房的保障范围逐步缩小为针对低收入群体,以及商品房市场上除了房价的节节攀升,开发商也基本只开发针对高收入群体的单价高、面积大的住房,加之租房市场的价格也水涨船高,三重挤出效应形成了“夹心层”群体。
最后结合北京市自身住房的发展状况以及国内外典型案例的分析借鉴,提出
了针对“夹心层”群体住房问题的对策建议:首先要完善限价房的退出机制以及进行合理定价,对公共租赁住房的建设可以借鉴重庆市“宽进严出”的进入退出机制,以及封闭式运转的模式;其次在住房各级市场上给予相应地金融支持以及大力发展房屋租赁市场;最后政府须进行适度干预以及引导居民的住房消费理念。
关键词:“夹心层”,中等收入群体,限价房,公共租赁住房,对策
ABSTRACT
Since the housing marketization in China, at the same time the real estate prices also continue to rise, more and more people can't afford the cost of the housing, even the rent, so the government begins to increase the investment of indemnificatory housing. But whether Low-rent Housing or Affordable Housing is helpful to low-e populations, while the huge moderate-e groups who can’t afford modity prices are pushed to the market. These people are called “Sandwich Stratum”, they are in two-sided pincer attack, so on one hand their lives are not easy as the low-e, and on the other hand, they are the backbone and the stabilizer of the society. In a word, it’s necessary to solve the housing problem of the “Sandwich Stratum”.
Firstly, on the basis of literature study and data analysis, this paper defines “Sandwich Stratum”: the middle-e who neither mismatches the conditions of applying for affordable housing, nor have enough money mercial housing and also who need the first housing improvement. And Beijing’s “Sandwich Stratum” is expected to a big account which shouldn’t be underestimated.
Secondly, this paper, by analyzing the defined “Sandwich Stratu